Advantages
1. vendor-neutral: the C++ standard is the same in any platform or compiler
2. industrial (as opposed to academic): evolved to satisfy the needs of software engineers, not computer scientists
3. efficient. Compiles into highly optimized CPU-specific machine code with little or no runtime overhead.
4. multi-paradigm: allows the use and penalty-free mixing of procedural, OOP, generic programming, functional programming, etc
5. strictly statically typed (unlike Python for example): a large amount of logic (and sometimes even calculations) can be proved and performed at compile time, by the type checking/inferring system.
6. has deterministic memory management (as opposed to Java, C#, and other languages with garbage collectors): the life time of every object is known with absolute precision, which makes destructors useful and RAII possible.
Disadvantages
1. very complex! The learning curve is steep and takes a long time to climb, especially for those who know C or C# or other superficially similar languages
2. has the concept of "undefined behavior" (just like C) -- a large class of errors that neither compiler nor the runtime system is required to diagnose.
3. has some design flaws, although they are largely fixed by boost libraries and the new language standard.
4. lacks network and async I/O, graphics, concurrency, serialization, and many other facilities expected of modern languages, although that is also largely fixed by boost libraries and (as far as concurrency is concerned) the new language standard.
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